PDF

Reduce the size of a PDF file consisting of scanned images

ImageMagick

Platforms: Linux, Unix, MacOS X, Windows
Requires: ImageMagick, Ghostscript

It is wise to scan documents at the highest resolution possible as downsampling can be done at any point. The fastest way I found so far the tools of the ImageMagick suite or with GhostScript.

Downsampling to 150 dpi.
Note: Not setting the -compress will set the internal image type to TIFF. For full control of the outcome it is advisable to set the -compress option.

convert -density 150 INPUT.pdf OUTPUT.pdf 

Downsampling a PDF with images scanned at a high resolution to 150dpi converting the internal image to JPEG at a ratio of 80%. Useful for sending by mail.

convert -density 150 -compression jpeg -quality 80 INPUT.pdf OUTPUT.pdf

Convert images to PDF documents

ImageMagick

Platforms: Linux, Unix, MacOS X, Windows
Requires: ImageMagick, Ghostscript

PDFs from scans are a very common occurence these days. Depending on the purpose conversion is sometimes required. It helps to understand how PDFs store the raster data internally to make to choose best option for the task at hand.

An overview of the can be found at wikipedia In short the below examples produce either an embedded JPEG or TIFF.

Assuming you have a few images laying around that need to be converted to a PDF file.

convert -repage <format> -compress <algorithm> [-quality <quality in %>] INPUT.tif OUTPUT.pdf

Creating a A4 PDF with lossy JPEG compression at a compression ration of 80%. A higher number under quality yields a clearer image but requires more disk space. Note: the -quality option is optional but if you want to retain full control over the outcome I would suggest you use it.

convert -repage a4 -compress jpeg -quality 80 INPUT01.tif INPUT02.tif INPUT03.tif  OUTPUT.pdf

For lossless PDFs in size A4 using the the TIFF format for storage there are two options either LZW compression or ZIP. ZIP seems to be a bit more efficient. Note the -quality field is not required.

convert -repage a4 -compress lzw INPUT01.tif INPUT02.tif INPUT03.tif  OUTPUT.pdf

or

convert -repage a4 -compress zip INPUT01.tif INPUT02.tif INPUT03.tif  OUTPUT.pdf

GUI Tools

There are some Windows GUI tools that can do the task as well

• Images2PDF - Windows - FOSS
• i2pdf - Windows - Freeware

Extract images from PDF files

pdfimages

Platforms: Linux, MacOS X [not confirmed]
Requirments: Poppler

Getting all the images out of a PDF file can be quite a task. The Poppler library comes with some handy tools that can be of tremendous help. To extract images from pdf pdfimages is easy to use.

pdfimages INPUT.pdf INPUT 

will result in files with the names

INPUT-000.ppm
INPUT-001.ppm
.
.
.
INPUT-999.ppm

A better way is to preserve embedded JPEG images as such. Assuming a PDF with only embedded JPEGs we use the -j option.

pdfimages -j INPUT.pdf INPUT

will yield the following files

INPUT-000.jpg
INPUT-001.jpg
.
.
.
INPUT-999.jpg

ImageMagick

Platforms: Linux, Unix, MacOS X, Windows
Requires: ImageMagick, Ghostscript

ImageMagick offers some hand here as well and is particularly handy when you want to convert to some format that the pdfimages command does not offer. Always use the -density option or ImageMagick will downsample the images. When converting to JPEGs set the -quality option to keep get the picture quality you desire.

In the below examples we set the dpi to 300

convert -density 300x300 MULTIPAGE.pdf OUPUT-%d.png

or

convert -density 300x300 -quality 100 MULTIPAGE.pdf OUPUT-%d.jpg

Ghostscript

Platforms: Linux, Unix, MacOS X, Windows
Requires: Ghostscript

Ghostscript can do the job here as well but it is rather verbose in its syntax. To get the write image type the output device has to be specified.

To convert to a 16bit PNG with a resolution of 300 dpi the following will do. Note: Not setting the -r option will most likely result in a low quality image.

gs -q -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=png16 -r300 -sOutputFile=OUTPUT-%03d.png  INPUT.pdf

To do the same but produce a colored TIFF

gs -q -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=tiff24nc -r300 -sOutputFile=OUTPUT-%03d.tif  INPUT.pdf

GUI Tools

• PDFMod - Linux/Unix - FOSS - utilizing Poppler.

Merge multiple PDF files

pdfunite

Platforms: Linux, MacOS X [not confirmed]
Requirments: Poppler

Merging more than one PDF into single document can be done with pdfunite coming with Poppler.

pdfunite INPUT01.pdf INPUT02.pdf OUTPUT.pdf 

Note: pdfunite does not alert you the output pdf already exists and will happily clobber it!

pdftk

Platforms: Linux, MacOS X, Windows
Requirments: pdftk

pdftk will do the job as well but it's syntax is a bit more verbose.

pdftk INPUT01.pdf INPUT02.pdf cat output OUTPUT.pdf

ImageMagick

Platforms: Linux, Unix, MacOS X, Windows
Requires: ImageMagick, Ghostscript

Disclaimer: Only use ImageMagick for PDFs consisting entirely of images. Compound documents will end up being converted to one image per page.
ImageMagick is not really efficient joining PDFs but it will allow for downsampling of images on the fly.
Note: According to my tests not using -compress and -density will create a PDF with embeded TIFF images. If the original PDF was compressed in a JPEG format this may result in a file larger in size than the original it was converted from.

convert -compress jpeg -quality 90 -density 300x300 -adjoin INPUT01.pdf INPUT02.pdf OUTPUT.pdf

GUI Tools

• PDF Chain - Linux/Unix - FOSS - Frontend for pdftk
• PDFTK Builder - Windows - FOSS - Frontend for pdftk
• GUIPDFTK - Linux, Windows - FOSS - Frontend for pdftk
• PDF Split and Merge - Linux, MacOS, Windows - FOSS
• PDFMod - Linux/Unix - FOSS - utilizing Poppler

References

• http://ardvaark.net/useful-pdf-imagemagick-recipes